NEET UG Biology Syllabus 2025: For Class 11 & 12, Subject-Wise Weightage, Unit-Wise Partition etc.

The National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET-UG 2025) is a crucial examination for medical aspirants in India. Understanding the entire NEET UG biology syllabus 2025 and its distribution is essential for effective preparation. Biology holds significant importance in the exam, as it covers 50% of the total weightage, making it a key subject for securing a high score.

This article provides a detailed overview of the NEET UG 2025 Biology syllabus and subject-wise weightage, categorized into Class 11 and Class 12 topics. It also offers strategies to help you plan and optimize your preparation effectively.

For Class 11 & 12

Following is the Biology syllabus for class 11 and 12. Let’s have a look.

Class 11

The Class 11 syllabus lays down the basic ideas of biology. The essential units are:

Unit	Chapters
Diversity of the Living World	– The Living World – Biological Classification – Plant Kingdom – Animal Kingdom
Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants	– Morphology of Flowering Plants – Anatomy of Flowering Plants – Structural Organisation in Animals
Cell Structure and Function	– Cell The Unit of Life – Biomolecules – Cell Cycle and Cell Division
Plant Physiology	– Transport in Plants – Mineral Nutrition – Photosynthesis in Higher Plants – Respiration in Plants – Plant Growth and Development
Human Physiology	– Digestion and Absorption – Breathing and Exchange of Gases – Body Fluids and Circulation – Excretory Products and Their Elimination – Locomotion and Movement – Neural Control and Coordination – Chemical Coordination and Integration

Class 12

The Class 12 syllabus includes advanced biological concepts required for medical education. The main units are:

Unit	Chapters
Reproduction	– Reproduction in Organisms – Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants – Human Reproduction – Reproductive Health
Genetics and Evolution	– Principles of Inheritance and Variation – Molecular Basis of Inheritance – Evolution
Biology and Human Welfare	– Human Health and Disease – Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production – Microbes in Human Welfare
Biotechnology	– Biotechnology Principles and Processes – Biotechnology and Its Applications
Ecology and Environment	– Organisms and Populations – Ecosystem – Biodiversity and Conservation – Environmental Issues

Unit-Wise Weightage

The biology section of NEET UG 2025 aggregates to 360 marks (90 questions) in the entire 720 marks. The estimated weightage for class 11 goes by the previous trends:-

Class 11 Units	Weightage (%)	Key Topics	Notes
Diversity of the Living World	12-15	Plant & Animal Kingdom, classification, biodiversity	Includes classification details for all kingdoms; prepare illustrative examples thoroughly.
Structural Organisation in Animals/Plants	8-10	Morphology, anatomy, tissues	Detailed diagrams of tissue sections are highly beneficial for scoring in image-based MCQs.
Cell Structure and Function	10-12	Biomolecules, Cell cycle, organelles	Focus on biomolecule properties and enzyme actions; cell diagrams help.
Plant Physiology	8-10	Photosynthesis, respiration, growth regulation	Frequently tested mechanisms like chemiosmotic theory; revise formulas for pathways.
Human Physiology	15-18	Circulation, Neural and Chemical coordination	Prioritize cardiovascular and excretory systems; common for clinical-based scenario MCQs.

The estimated weightage for class 12 are as following:

Class 12 Units	Weightage (%)	Key Topics	Notes
Reproduction	14-16	Human reproduction, sexual reproduction in plants	Understand hormonal regulation and developmental sequences in plants and humans.
Genetics and Evolution	18-20	Inheritance, gene expression, Hardy-Weinberg	Numerical problems on genetics are common; evolution concepts often tie into population bio.
Biology and Human Welfare	9-11	Health, diseases, microbes	Study examples like vaccine roles and pathogen classifications; cross-link with immunology.
Biotechnology	10-12	Genetic engineering, applications	Focus on the methodologies and applications of recombinant DNA technologies.
Ecology and Environment	12-14	Ecosystem, biodiversity conservation	Prepare from ecological interactions with illustrative case studies and diagrams.

Topic-Wise Syllabus

Here is the NEET UG Biology syllabus topic-wise for class 11 and 12, covering a comprehensive range of topics essential for medical aspirants.

Class 11

• What is living?; Biodiversity; Need for classification; Taxonomy & Systematics.
• Concept of species and taxonomic hierarchy; Binomial nomenclature.
• Five kingdom classification; Salient features and classification of Monera, Protista, Fungi, Lichens; Viruses and Viroids.
• Salient features and classification of plants into major groups: Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms (three to five salient and distinguishing features and at least two examples of each category).
• Salient features and classification of animals: Non-chordates up to phyla level and chordates up to class level (three to five salient features and at least two examples).

Unit 2: Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants

• Morphology and modifications; Tissues.
• Anatomy and functions of different parts of flowering plants: Root, stem, leaf, inflorescence (cymose and racemose), flower, fruit, and seed.
• Families: Malvaceae, Cruciferae, Leguminosae, Compositae, Gramineae (to be dealt with along relevant practicals).
• Animal tissues; Morphology, anatomy and functions of different systems (digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous and reproductive) of an insect (frog).

Unit 3: Cell Structure and Function

• Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life; Structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
• Plant and animal cells; Cell envelope, cell membrane, cell wall; Cell organelles (endomembrane system, mitochondria, plastids, etc.); Cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles.
• Nucleus: Nuclear membrane, chromatin, nucleolus.
• Biomolecules: Structure and function of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids.
• Enzymes: Types, properties, enzyme action, classification and nomenclature.
• Cell division: Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis and their significance.

Unit 4: Plant Physiology

• Photosynthesis: Autotrophic nutrition, pigments, photochemical and biosynthetic phases, pathways (C3 and C4), factors.
• Respiration: Glycolysis, TCA cycle, ETC, ATP generation, respiratory quotient.
• Plant growth and development: Growth phases, growth rate, differentiation, growth regulators (auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, ethylene, ABA).

Unit 5: Human Physiology

• Breathing and Respiration: Mechanism, regulation, volumes, disorders.
• Body fluids and circulation: Human circulatory system, cardiac cycle, ECG, disorders (hypertension, coronary artery disease).
• Excretion: Modes of excretion, human excretory system, osmoregulation.
• Locomotion and movement: Types, muscle contraction, skeletal system, disorders (arthritis, gout).
• Neural control and coordination: Nervous system, nerve impulse conduction.
• Chemical coordination and regulation: Human endocrine system, hormones, disorders.

Class 12

Unit 6: Reproduction

• Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: Flower structure, gametophyte development, pollination, fertilization, post-fertilization events, apomixis.
• Human reproduction: Systems, gametogenesis, menstrual cycle, embryo development, implantation, parturition, lactation.
• Reproductive health: STD prevention, contraception, infertility treatments (IVF, ZIFT, GIFT).

Unit 7: Genetics and Evolution

• Heredity and variation: Mendel’s laws, deviations, chromosomal theory, sex determination, disorders (Down’s syndrome, hemophilia).
• Molecular basis: DNA structure, replication, transcription, translation, operon model, genetic fingerprinting.
• Evolution: Origin, evidence, Hardy-Weinberg principle, human evolution.

Unit 8: Biology and Human Welfare

• Health and diseases: Pathogens, human diseases (malaria, dengue), immunity, vaccines.
• Microbes: Household/industrial uses, sewage treatment, energy generation, biofertilizers.

Unit 9: Biotechnology and Its Applications

• Genetic engineering (recombinant DNA technology).
• Applications: GMOs, gene therapy, vaccines, biopiracy.

Unit 10: Ecology and Environment

• Organisms and environment: Populations, interactions, age distribution.
• Ecosystem: Energy flow, biodiversity conservation, hotspots.

Strategies for Biology Preparation

Here are a few strategies for NEET UG Biology preparation:

1. Know the Weightage: Major focus on high-weightage topics such as Genetics, Ecology and Human Physiology etc.
2. NCERT First: Read them thoroughly with clarity and breadth of concept.
3. Practice Regularly: Previous year papers and mock tests would be your best friends for sure.
4. Make Notes: Points to remember-Highlight the key, make a quick revision of notes.
5. Review Often: Review the previously read material while reading new material to retain it.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ’s)